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Home > Countries and Regions > Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Updated September 2008
Regional Overview
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Epidemiology and Trends
Health and Development Profiles
Guidelines and Best Practices
Surveys and Assessments
Policy Reports and Papers
International Organizations
HIV/AIDS Web Sites
News Sources and Periodicals
Comprehensive Indicator Report
Focus on Care and Treatment
Guidelines
Country Profiles
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Estonia
Georgia
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Population, 2008295,000,000
People living with HIV/AIDS, 20071,500,000
Women (aged 15+) with HIV/AIDS, 2007460,000
Children with HIV/AIDS, 200712,000
Adult HIV prevalence (%), 20070.8
AIDS deaths, 200758,000
nd = No data
Source: Population Reference Bureau & UNAIDS
Eastern Europe and Central Asia Map
View detailed map
View full indicator report

These pages will be updated regularly. To suggest a document for inclusion on this page, please send an email to countries@chi.ucsf.edu.

Regional Overview

Abstracted from the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, UNAIDS, August 2008.

Epidemiology and Trends

The estimated number of people living with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia rose to 1.5 million in 2007; almost 90% of those infected live in either the Russian Federation (69%) or Ukraine (29%). It is estimated that 110,000 people in this region became infected with HIV in 2007, while some 58,000 died of AIDS.

The HIV epidemic in the Russian Federation (already the largest in this region) continues to grow, although apparently at a slower pace than in Ukraine, where annual new HIV diagnoses have more than doubled since 2001. The annual numbers of newly reported HIV diagnoses are also rising in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan (which now has the largest epidemic in Central Asia). Each HIV epidemic in this region is typically concentrated in populations of injection-drug users, sex workers, and their sexual partners.
Health and Development Profiles
AIDS Epidemic Update Regional Summary - Eastern Europe and Central Asia
UNAIDS, April 16, 2008. [PDF, 249K] Also in Spanish, French, and Russian.
Guidelines and Best Practices
HIV/AIDS Protocols on Treatment and Care
13 new HIV/AIDS treatment and care protocols for the European Region. These replace the 2004 HIV/AIDS treatment and care protocols for CIS countries. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 2006.
Practical Steps to Strengthening HIV/AIDS Surveillance in the Europe and Eurasia Region: A Field Guide
USAID, January 2005. [PDF, 308K]
Commercial Sex Worker, Harm Reduction Initiative Project Directory: A Guide to Contacts and Services in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
Open Society Initiative, International Harm Reduction Development, June 2001. [PDF, 199K]
Guidelines for the Clinical Management and Treatment of HIV-Infected Adults in Europe
European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS), November 2009. [PDF, 580K]
European HIV Drug Resistance Guidelines
European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS), November 2009. [PDF, 42K]
Surveys and Assessments
Assessment of HIV/AIDS Surveillance in the Europe and Eurasia Region
USAID, January 2005. [PDF, 954K]
Policy Reports and Papers
Living with HIV in Eastern Europe and the CIS: The Human Cost of Social Exclusion
Regional Human Development Report on AIDS online in English and Russian. UNDP, UNAIDS, 2008.
Blood Services in Central Asian Health Systems
A clear and present danger of spreading HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Patricio V. Marquez, World Bank, June 2008.
Treating HIV/AIDS in the WHO European Region: A Retrospective Assessment of Access to HAART during the "3 by 5" Initiative
World Health Organization, January 2006. [PDF, 3MB]
Sex Work, HIV/AIDS, and Human Rights in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Central and Eastern European Harm Reduction Network, December 2005.
The Next Wave: The Emerging HIV Epidemics of Eurasia
Christopher Beyrer, John Hopkins University, July 2005. Presented at the 3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, July 24-27, 2005. [PDF, 2.9MB]
Reversing the Tide: Priorities for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Central Asia
Joana Godinho, Adrian Renton, Viatcheslav Vinogradov, Thomas Novotny, George Gotsadze , Mary-Jane Rivers, Mario Bravo. World Bank, November 2004.
Strategic Framework for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Infants in Europe
World Health Organization, 2004. [PDF, 244K]
HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Reversing the Epidemic--Facts and Policy Options
United Nations Development Programme, 2004. Also in Russian.
Youth in Central Asia: Losing the New Generation
International Crisis Group, October 31, 2003.
International Organizations
Family Health International (FHI)
Baltic Sea Region program overview: Includes a description of activities and links to many HIV/AIDS-related reports. See also selected FHI programs in Europe and Central Asia.
International Harm Reduction Development (IHRD) Program
Organization aims to reduce the risk of drug-related HIV/AIDS infection by supporting regional and local initiatives in over 20 countries. Site links to project descriptions and related publications.
UNIFEM Regional Programme for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
UNIFEM strives to promote gender justice and women's political participation, secure women's economic rights, and eliminate all forms of violence against women.
Western Balkans Programme to Fight HIV/AIDS
Provides education and training to fight HIV/AIDS in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, TFYR Macedonia, and Serbia and Montenegro.
World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe
HIV/AIDS Web Sites
Asia Foundation East-West
An international, nongovernmental, public health organization that provides HIV/AIDS prevention and care services in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union. Site features HIV/AIDS statistics.
Central and Eastern European Harm Reduction Network
The Network develops, supports, and evaluates the effectiveness of harm reduction programs in the region, and advocates for the human rights of drug users and people living with HIV/AIDS.
EurasiaHealth AIDS Knowledge Network Library
Key materials related to the care and treatment of HIV/AIDS in Eurasia. Includes resources in several Eastern European languages.
European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS
WHO-UNAIDS Collaborating Centre. Also in French.
Regional Knowledge Hub for the Care and Treatment of HIV/AIDS in Eurasia
Works to strengthen the capacity of Eurasian healthcare professionals and policymakers to provide treatment and care to those living with HIV/AIDS. Site offers online training modules, treatment protocols, networking tools, and additional relevant HIV/AIDS-related treatment and care materials in English, Russian, and other regional languages.
Therapeutics, Research, Education, AIDS Training (TREAT) Asia
A new amfAR initiative to strengthen HIV/AIDS care, treatment, and management skills among health care professionals.
Youth Peer
Web site aimed at supporting the development of youth peer education in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, on topics related to adolescent health and well-being. Features resources on sexual health and HIV/AIDS.
News Sources and Periodicals
EurasiaNet
Includes articles on health issues in Central Asia. Also maintains Policy Forum: HIV/AIDS & Harm Reduction in Central Asia.
Transitions Online
News coverage of 28 post-communist countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
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